In Europe on Tuesday, the FTSE Eurofirst 300 was 0.3 percent higher to 1,522.27.

The airline sector was higher on news from mergers and acquisitions, as well as on recent broker upgrades and recent lower oil prices. Lufthansa was 1.8 percent higher to €21.76 and Iberia of Spain gained 2.3 percent to €3.17. Ryanair added 8 percent to €11.12. Air France-KLM was up 7.2 percent to €35.01 after it said that the time was not right for it to bid on more shares in Alitalia. It already has a strategic partnership with the Italian air carrier. Alitalia was not lacking for suitors however, as it has received expressions of interest from 11 potential bidders. The Italian airline added 3.6 percent on the session to €1.13.

In the pharmaceuticals sector, Sanofi-Aventis dropped 0.7 percent to €68.55 even though rumors continued to circulate that it is near the announcement of a merger with US pharma Bristol-Myers Squibb. The decline came as analysts at Bear Sterns said that the large amount of cash that would have to be part of the deal in order for Bristol-Myers to accept a deal could dilute earnings. However Bear Sterns and Deutsche Bank both said that there would be advantages to such a deal.

The telecommunications sector was mixed. Deutsche Telekom dropped 0.1 percent to €13.59, but France Telecom added 0.5 percent to €21.29 and Telecom Italia gained 0.7 percent to €2.29.

In Europe on Monday the FTSE Eurofirst 300 added 0.3 percent to 1,517.07 on Monday despite declines in the telecommunications sector.

Telecoms were lower after Deutsche Telekom issued its second profits warning in six months, citing competition and currency issues. Citigroup lowered its recommendation on the German telecom from “hold” to “sell” and Deutsche Telekon dropped 4 percent to €13.60. Elsewhere in the sector, France Telecom fell 0.9 percent to €21.18, while Telecom Italia and Swisscom were each 1.5 percent lower, to €2.27 and SFr471.50 respectively.

Car and truck manufacturers was gains on the session. On rumors that it could be a target for Volvo, MAN added 2.6 percent to €78.86. Volvo was 1 percent higher on the talk, to SKr502, while Scania, the recent target of MAN’s failed hostile bid, was up 3.5 percent to SKr485. Fiat gained 2.8 percent to €16.67 on a target share price hike from JP Morgan.

The airline sector was up on merger hopes and on upgrades from UBS, which raised its recommendation on Lufthansa and Iberia from “neutral” to “buy” and hiked target share prices for both Ryanair and Air France-KLM. Lufthansa was up 1.1 percent to €21.38, Ryanair gained 1.3 percent to €11.04, Air France was 1.5 percent higher to €32.67, and Iberia gained 3.3 percent to €3.10. Meanwhile, Alitalia added 1.9 percent to €1.10.

The FTSE Eurofirst 300 ended the week 0.5 percent lower than it began, closing at 1,512.70 on Friday. The declines came after posting a six-year closing high on Wednesday.

This is not to say that there were not individual gains on the week. Mobile phone manufacturer Nokia added 7.4 percent on the week to €16.65 on a significant rise in operating profits in 2006. Deutsche Bank upgraded the company to “buy” and raised its target share price to €18.50.

L’Oreal was 7 percent higher to €80.60 after sales were higher than had been expected in the fourth quarter.

Pernod-Ricard gained 7.7 percent during the week to €158 even though broker comments were mixed. Credit Suisse upgraded the drinks company from “under perform” to “neutral” and raised its revenue growth guidance and target share price. UBS, Morgan Stanley, and ING also upped Pernod’s target share price, but ING also reduced its recommendation from “buy” to “hold”, citing valuation concerns.

Among the losers this week was software company SAP, which dropped 5.8 percent to €35.62. Alcatel-Lucent was 10.8 percent lower to €9.99. Airlines also saw losses, with Lufthansa down 6.9 percent to €21.16 and Air France-KLM 7 percent lower to €32.19.

The FTSE Eurofirst 300, higher early in the session, ended 0.3 percent lower to 1,522.87. The Eurofirst was hurt late by a slow start to the New York trading day.

The semiconductors sector saw gains in the day. Infineon added 2.4 percent to €11, while STMicroelectronics gained 2.5 percent to €14.38. STM was helped by positive comments from brokers that took the focus off the chipmaker’s disappointing quarterly results, announced on Wednesday. WestLB said that the new figures should be looked at in a wider context and hiked STM’s target share price from €16 to €18.

Nokia added 5 percent to €16.26 after reporting record mobile phone sales in the fourth quarter and amid mixed broker sentiment. While Merrill Lynch is advising its customers to buy the cell phone maker, Dresdner Kleinwort is recommending that its clients sell the stock.

Automobile manufacturers declined on new of losses by Ford Motor. BMW fell 1.4 percent to €45.99. DaimlerChrysler and Porsche were each 2.3 percent lower, to €48.64 and €1,010 respectively, with Credit Suisse lowering Porsche’s rating from “outperform” to “neutral” and suggesting that investors take profits. Peugot was down 3.3 percent to €52.

Airlines also saw losses. Iberia fell 1 percent to €3.01, while Air France-KLM dropped 3.9 percent to €32 and Lufthansa was 5.6 percent lower to €20.76 after it said that passenger yields would not grow significantly this year.

The European equities markets were higher on Wednesday, aided by gains in the banking and oil sectors. The FTSE Eurofirst 300 added 1 percent to 1,528, its highest closing level in six years.

In the oil sector, Statoil gained 1.6 percent to NKr163.50 on comments from UBS that outlined the upside of an announced merger with Norsk Hydro. The broker upgraded its recommendation on Statoil from “neutral” to “buy” and hiked its target share price from NKr166 to NKr185.

Banks saw gains in several nations. In Spain, JP Morgan issued upgrades for both BBVA and Santander. BBVA added 1.4 percent to €19.35 after its recommendation was raised from “neutral” to “overweight”, while Santander was 2.3 percent higher to €143.49 on an identical hike in its rating.

In Italy, Morgan Stanley upgraded both Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena and Capitalia from “underweight” to “equal weight”. Siena was up 0.7 percent to €4.9525 and Capitalia gained 2.3 percent to €7.02. Meanwhile, the broker added Banco Popolare di Verona e Novara to its model portfolio, sending the bank’s shares up 3.1 percent to €24.10.

Meanwhile, UniCredit’s announcement that it will buy out minority shareholders in German bank HVB Group and Bank Austria Creditanstalt send shares in both banks significantly higher. HVB gained 4.2 percent to €36.00, while Bank Austria was 4.7 percent higher to €131.50. UniCredit, which already owns 95 percent of both banks, was up 1.6 percent to €7.2050.

Among losers on the day was SAP. The software maker dropped 6.5 percent to €35.89 when it said that margins would be lower this year and failed to issue an outlook on license sales.

Mortgage choices have increased, with a greater range of lenders looking to provide a wider range of mortgage product options. The days of captital repayment mortgages or endowment-only are gone, with a bigger selection now available for more people. There are variable rate mortgages, 100% mortgages, bad credit mortgages, and a big choice of other mortgage products available that just were not around a few years ago, with companies such as the Halifax leading the market.

A key reason for the recent explosion in lending options has been the past few years of low interest rates, which has significantly reduced the risk for lenders to target a wider base of consumers - and for this requires choice.

As with mortgages, so with loans, with the traditional secure and unsecured loans now driven by low interest loan choices, with bad credit, early repayment, and variable payment rates.

Insurance products have always been diverse, but have also seen recent specialist expansion. As well as general car insurance, many providers also offer car breakdown cover, and specialist car insurance policies such as young driver, older drivers, women drivers - as well as a range of special vehicle insurances, such as motorbike insurance and van insurance.

For home insurance such as contents insurance and building insurance, there are also additional protection and insurance policies tailored to different home owner needs, especially since the growth of the buy-to let market.

Finance products for business have also improved - on top of general business loans and financing, additional options have since become available, such as invoice discounting.

Bad credit and low interest lending

Mortgage choices have increased, with a greater range of lenders looking to provide a wider range of mortgage product options. The days of captital repayment mortgages or endowment-only are gone, with a bigger selection now available for more people. There are variable rate mortgages, 100% mortgages, bad credit mortgages, and a big choice of other mortgage products available that just were not around a few years ago.

A key reason for the recent explosion in lending options has been the past few years of low interest rates, which has significantly reduced the risk for lenders to target a wider base of consumers - and for this requires choice.

As with mortgages, so with loans, with the traditional secure and unsecured loans now driven by low interest loan choices, with bad credit, early repayment, and variable payment rates.

Insurance products have always been diverse, but have also seen recent specialist expansion. As well as general car insurance, many providers also offer car breakdown cover, and specialist car insurance policies such as young driver, older drivers, women drivers - as well as a range of special vehicle insurances, such as motorbike insurance and van insurance.

For home contents insurance and building insurance, there are also additional protection and insurance policies tailored to different home owner needs, especially since the growth of the buy-tolet market.

Finance products for business have also improved - on top of general business loans and financing, additional options have since become available, such as invoice discounting.

In Europe on Tuesday the FTSE Eurofirst 300 was nearly steady, losing only 0.21 points to end the session at 1,513.31 as big losses for Alcatel-Lucent balanced gains in other sectors.

Alcatel-Lucent dropped 8.5 percent to €10.02 after having lost as much as 12 percent in earlier trade. The manufacturer of telecommunications equipment issued a profits and revenues warning for the fourth quarter. The company said adjusted revenues will be around €4.4 billion, significantly lower than last year’s €5.25 billion. Operating revenues, which were expected to show a profit of €539 million will, the company said, manage to just break even.

The automobile and truck manufacturing sector saw gains when German truck maker MAN said it will abandon its hostile takeover bid for Scania and instead try to negotiate a friendly merger. Scania’s B shares added 1.1 percent to SKr645 after dropping as low as SKr441 earlier in the session, while MAN gained 2.3 percent to €75.79. Volkswagen, which is the largest shareholder in both Scania and MAN, was 0.4 percent higher to €84.67.

In the media sector, Dutch television producer Endemol ended the session 1.6 percent higher to €20.65. Its share price was as high as €22.74 after it was reported that Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. wanted to purchase the 75 percent stake of Endemol that Telefonica owns, but pulled back to its closing level after News Corp denied the rumors.

Luxury goods makers were mixed. Despite reporting a 10 percent gain in sales in the quarter, Richemont dropped 3.6 percent to SFr70. Swatch, on the other hand added 1.8 percent to SFr292.75.

In Europe on Monday, the FTSE Eurofirst 300 dropped 0.4 percent on the session to close at 1,525.97 after being unable to hold on to gains earlier in the day.

In the automobile manufacturing sector, DaimlerChrysler was 0.6 percent lower to €48.51 despite an upgrade of its target share price from €50 to €55 from JP Morgan.  The broker’s move was prompted by the belief that the carmaker could announce a plan to return Chrysler to profit when it announces results next month.

In the electronics sector, Philips Electronics fell 1.7 percent to €28.88 on mixed results in the fourth quarter.  According to the report, net profits were higher than had been anticipated on lower tax rates and one-time gains.  Sales, however, did not meet expectations.  Philips also raised its dividend for 2006.

Gains in oil prices led to losses in a couple of sectors.  Lufthansa dropped 3.2 percent in the airlines sector.  Meanwhile, in the chemicals sector, agrochemicals manufacturer Syngenta was down 2.8 percent to SFr233, while Rhodia fell 3.5 percent to €2.80.

Among producers of luxury goods, Swatch added 2 percent to SFr287.50 on the announcement that its sales were up by 12.3 percent in 2006.  Broker comments were positive, with Lehman Brothers and Credit Suisse reiterating recommendations of “overweight” and “outperform” respectively.  Credit Suisse said its target share price on the watchmaker, currently SFr300, was under review, while Lehman Brothers upped its target share price for the company from SFr270 to SFr315.

In the banking sector, Raiffeisen International added 3.7 percent to €113.64 on raised target share prices from Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley as optimism continued in relation to the bank’s business interests in Russia and in eastern Europe.  Merrill Lynch upped Raiffeisen’s targets share price to €140, while Morgan Stanley set raised its target for the bank to €83.80, citing the possibility that investors might be putting too much emphasis on its Russian exposure.

The FTSE Eurofirst 300 closed at its highest level in six years when it added 0.6 percent on Friday to end the session at 1,519.81.

The week saw big gains in more than one sector.  Deutsche Borse added 10.4 percent on the week to a record share price of €164.30, with one analyst saying that estimates of the stock exchange operator’s earnings growth for the year, at 10 percent, were conservative.

In the construction sector, consolidation possibilities brought big advances.  The news that holding company Artemis had purchased a 5.1 percent stake in French company Vinci sent Vinci’s shares 8.4 percent higher to €104.90.  In Spain, meanwhile, Sacyr-Vallehermoso added 10.2 percent to €48.32.

Deutsche Post gained 7.2 percent on the week to €23.98 on rumors that a private equity group was looking to buy at least part of the 30.6 percent stake owned by the German government, despite predictions of union and political opposition to such a bid.

In the Swedish banking sector, Nordea added 2.2 percent to SKr110.60 and SEB gained 7.5 percent to SKr237.00 on renewed rumors that the two banks could merge.

On the negative side, EADS dropped 2.7 percent during the week, to €24.39, after the aerospace firm issued its second profits warning in four months.  In the French energy sector, Suez was 5.8 percent lower to €38.01 after a withdrawn bid for the company, while Gaz de France dropped 6 percent to €33.73.